What does the term "fluency" refer to in reading?

Fluency in reading encompasses the ability to read text smoothly and effortlessly, which involves three key components: speed, accuracy, and proper expression. When a reader demonstrates fluency, they can recognize words automatically, allowing them to focus on comprehension rather than on decoding each word. This smooth reading pattern is characterized by appropriate pacing and intonation, which contributes to the overall understanding of the text.

Developing fluency is crucial for effective reading because it enables readers to engage more deeply with the material. Instead of getting bogged down by individual words, fluent readers can grasp the meaning of sentences and passages as a whole, enhancing their ability to enjoy and analyze literature. This is why the emphasis on speed, accuracy, and expression is essential in defining reading fluency. Understanding this concept highlights its significance in teaching strategies designed to improve students' reading capabilities.